Mathematics

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History of Mathematics & Lives of Famous Mathematicians

Mathematics is one of the oldest and most universal languages in human history. From ancient civilizations counting crops to modern scientists exploring quantum physics and AI, math has grown through thousands of years of ideas, discoveries, and brilliant minds.

1. Ancient Mathematics (3000 BCE – 500 CE)

Egyptians & Babylonians

  • Used math for land measurement, construction, trade, and astronomy.

  • Babylonians developed base-60 numbers, which is why we have 60 minutes and 360 degrees today.


Greek Mathematics

This is where math began to turn into a logical discipline.

Famous Greek Mathematicians

  • Thales – first to use deductive reasoning.

  • Pythagoras – created the Pythagorean theorem; believed numbers explained everything.

  • Euclid – “Father of Geometry.” His book Elements is one of the most influential textbooks ever written.

  • Archimedes – discovered formulas for area, volume; invented machines; one of the greatest mathematical minds.


2. Indian & Chinese Mathematics (500 BCE – 1200 CE)

Indian Mathematicians

India made revolutionary contributions:

  • Aryabhata (476 CE)

    • Introduced place value system

    • Calculated pi accurately

    • Explained the Earth’s rotation


  • Brahmagupta (598 CE)

    • Gave rules for zero and negative numbers

    • Worked on quadratic equations

  • Bhaskara II (1114 CE)

    • Author of Lilavati

    • Discovered concepts of differential calculus before Newton

  • Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920)

    • Self-taught genius

    • Contributed to infinite series, number theory, partitions

    • Discovered formulas still used in modern physics and computers


Chinese Mathematicians

  • Developed decimal system, Pascal’s triangle, magic squares

  • Zu Chongzhi computed pi more accurately than anyone else for 800 years.

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